Parathyroid glands

Definition

Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. They produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium levels in the blood.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. There are typically four parathyroid glands in the human body.
2. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption, increasing intestinal calcium absorption, and promoting kidney reabsorption of calcium.
3. Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where excessive PTH is produced, leading to high blood calcium levels.
4. Hypoparathyroidism results from insufficient PTH production, causing low blood calcium levels and potential muscle cramps or spasms.
5. The function of parathyroid glands is critical for maintaining homeostasis of mineral metabolism.

Review Questions

• What hormone do the parathyroid glands secrete and what is its primary function?
• How many parathyroid glands are typically found in the human body?
• What are the consequences of hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism?

Related terms

Thyroid Gland: A large endocrine gland located in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism.

Calcium Homeostasis: The regulation of stable levels of calcium in the blood and extracellular fluid.

Endocrine System: A collection of glands that produce hormones to regulate various bodily functions.