Meristems

Definition

Meristems are regions of undifferentiated cells in plants that have the ability to divide and differentiate into various types of plant tissues. They play a crucial role in plant growth and development, enabling the formation of new organs such as leaves, flowers, and roots.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Meristems are classified into two main types: apical meristems found at the tips of roots and shoots, and lateral meristems located along the sides of stems and roots.
2. Apical meristems are responsible for primary growth, which increases the length of the plant.
3. Lateral meristems contribute to secondary growth, which increases the thickness or girth of the plant.
4. Meristematic cells are characterized by their small size, dense cytoplasm, large nuclei, and lack of vacuoles.
5. The process by which meristematic cells differentiate into specialized cells is known as cellular differentiation.

Review Questions

• What are the two main types of meristems and where are they located?
• How do apical meristems contribute to plant growth?
• What characteristics distinguish meristematic cells from other plant cells?

Related terms

Apical Meristem: A type of meristem located at the tips of roots and shoots responsible for primary growth.

Lateral Meristem: A type of meristem found along the sides of stems and roots that contributes to secondary growth.

Cellular Differentiation: The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.