Haustoria

Definition

Haustoria are specialized structures formed by parasitic fungi to penetrate host tissue and absorb nutrients. They play a crucial role in the parasitic relationship between fungi and their plant hosts.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Haustoria are essential for nutrient exchange between parasitic fungi and their host plants.
2. They can penetrate the cell walls of plant cells without breaching the plasma membrane.
3. Haustoria facilitate the transfer of water, sugars, and other nutrients from the host to the fungus.
4. They are commonly found in obligate biotrophic fungi such as rusts and mildews.
5. Haustoria represent a key adaptation that enables some fungi to successfully colonize living plant tissue.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of haustoria?
• How do haustoria interact with plant cell walls?
• Name one type of fungus that typically forms haustoria.

Related terms

Hyphae: Thread-like structures that make up the body of a fungus and facilitate nutrient absorption.

Mycorrhizae: Mutualistic associations between fungal hyphae and plant roots, enhancing nutrient uptake for both organisms.

Obligate Biotrophs: Fungi that can only grow and reproduce in living host tissues, often forming haustoria to obtain nutrients.