Glucose-sparing effect

Definition

Glucose-sparing effect is a metabolic process where the body prioritizes the use of fats and proteins for energy to conserve glucose for the brain. This mechanism is crucial during fasting or intense exercise when glucose levels are low.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The glucose-sparing effect is primarily mediated by hormones such as cortisol, epinephrine, and growth hormone.
2. It helps maintain blood glucose levels during periods of low carbohydrate intake or increased energy demand.
3. The liver plays a central role by increasing gluconeogenesis, producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
4. Insulin inhibits the glucose-sparing effect by promoting glucose uptake in cells and reducing lipolysis.
5. This effect ensures that sufficient glucose is available for organs that rely heavily on it, particularly the brain.

Review Questions

• Which hormones are involved in mediating the glucose-sparing effect?
• How does the liver contribute to the glucose-sparing effect?
• Why is the glucose-sparing effect important for brain function?

Related terms

Gluconeogenesis: The metabolic pathway through which organisms generate glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates like amino acids and glycerol.

Lipolysis: The breakdown of lipids to release fatty acids and glycerol, often stimulated during periods of energy deficit.

Ketogenesis: A metabolic process where ketone bodies are produced as an alternative energy source during prolonged fasting or carbohydrate restriction.