Epigenetic

Definition

Epigenetics involves changes in gene expression that do not alter the DNA sequence itself but affect how cells read genes. These changes can be influenced by various environmental factors and can be heritable.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation and histone modification.
2. Environmental factors such as diet, stress, and toxins can influence epigenetic changes.
3. Epigenetic changes can affect an individual's phenotype without altering their genotype.
4. Some epigenetic changes are reversible, making them targets for potential medical treatments.
5. Epigenetics plays a crucial role in development, cellular differentiation, and diseases such as cancer.

Review Questions

• What is the primary difference between genetic and epigenetic changes?
• How can environmental factors influence epigenetic modifications?
• Give two examples of epigenetic modifications.

Related terms

DNA Methylation: A process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule, often modifying the function of the genes.

Histone Modification: Post-translational modification of histone proteins that can impact gene expression by altering chromatin structure.

Gene Expression: The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, typically protein or RNA.