Electron orbitals

Definition

Electron orbitals are regions around an atom's nucleus where electrons are likely to be found. These orbitals have different shapes and energy levels, which influence how atoms interact and bond with each other.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Electron orbitals are grouped into shells that correspond to different principal quantum numbers.
2. The shapes of electron orbitals include s (spherical), p (dumbbell-shaped), d (cloverleaf-shaped), and f (complex shapes).
3. Each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.
4. The arrangement of electrons in orbitals determines an atom’s chemical properties and reactivity.
5. Hund's rule states that electrons will fill degenerate orbitals singly before pairing up.

Review Questions

• What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a single electron orbital?
• How does the shape of s, p, d, and f orbitals differ?
• Why is the arrangement of electrons in orbitals important for understanding chemical reactions?

Related terms

Quantum Number: One of four numbers that describe the properties of electron orbitals.

Pauli Exclusion Principle: A principle stating that no two electrons can have the same set of all four quantum numbers in an atom.

Valence Electrons: Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that determine its chemical reactivity.