Cross reactivity

Definition

Cross reactivity occurs when an antibody reacts with similar antigens that are not the specific target. This can happen due to structural similarities between different antigens.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cross reactivity can lead to false positives in diagnostic tests.
2. It is a common cause of allergic reactions, as the immune system reacts to substances that resemble allergens.
3. In autoimmune diseases, cross reactivity may cause the immune system to attack body tissues.
4. Vaccines may be designed to minimize cross reactivity by targeting unique pathogen epitopes.
5. Understanding cross reactivity is crucial for developing accurate and specific immunotherapies.

Review Questions

• What is cross reactivity and how does it occur?
• How can cross reactivity affect diagnostic tests?
• Why is minimizing cross reactivity important in vaccine development?

Related terms

Antigen: A substance that induces an immune response, typically recognized by antibodies.

Epitope:

The specific part of an antigen that is recognized and bound by an antibody.

Autoimmunity:

A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues.