Bipolar neurons

Definition

Bipolar neurons are specialized sensory neurons with one axon and one dendrite extending from opposite ends of the cell body. They are involved in transmitting sensory information such as taste and smell to the central nervous system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 1. Bipolar neurons are found in sensory pathways including those for taste (gustation) and smell (olfaction).
2. 2. These neurons play a crucial role in converting chemical signals from stimuli into electrical signals sent to the brain.
3. 3. In the olfactory system, bipolar neurons connect directly to olfactory receptor cells and transmit signals to the olfactory bulb.
4. 4. Each bipolar neuron is typically associated with a specific type of sensory receptor cell.
5. 5. Damage or dysfunction of bipolar neurons can result in impairments in taste and smell perception.

Review Questions

• 1. What structural features distinguish bipolar neurons from other types of neurons?
• 2. How do bipolar neurons contribute to the sense of smell?
• 3. What could be the potential consequences of damage to bipolar neurons related to sensory systems?

Related terms

Gustatory Cells: Specialized cells responsible for detecting taste stimuli and sending information to gustatory nerves

Olfactory Receptor Neurons: Sensory receptors located in the nasal cavity that detect odorants and send signals to the brain via olfactory bulbs

Sensory Transduction: The process by which sensory receptor cells convert external stimuli into electrical signals