Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Definition

ADHD is a neurological disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. It affects brain regions involved in executive function and behavior regulation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ADHD is associated with abnormalities in the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine.
2. The prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum are brain regions implicated in ADHD.
3. Genetic factors contribute significantly to the development of ADHD.
4. Environmental factors such as prenatal exposure to tobacco or alcohol can increase ADHD risk.
5. Standard treatments for ADHD include stimulant medications like methylphenidate and behavioral therapies.

Review Questions

• Which neurotransmitters are primarily associated with ADHD symptoms?
• Name three brain regions involved in ADHD.
• What role do genetic and environmental factors play in the development of ADHD?

Related terms

Prefrontal Cortex: A brain region crucial for executive functions such as decision-making, impulse control, and attention.

Dopamine:

A neurotransmitter that plays a key role in reward, motivation, and attention regulation.

Behavioral Therapy: A treatment approach that involves modifying maladaptive behaviors through reinforcement techniques.