Obliquity refers to the angle between an object's rotational axis and its orbital axis, specifically concerning the Earth's axial tilt relative to its orbit around the Sun. This axial tilt is crucial in determining the distribution of solar energy received by different parts of the Earth, influencing seasonal variations and climate patterns over long periods. Changes in obliquity, driven by gravitational interactions with other celestial bodies, are key components of orbital variations that shape climate through Milankovitch cycles.
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