Vaults

Definition

Vaults are architectural structures formed by the use of arches that create a ceiling or roof over a space. They played a crucial role in Roman architecture, allowing for larger and more open interior spaces, which were essential for the urban planning and design of Roman towns.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Roman vaults were primarily built using concrete, which allowed for greater flexibility in design and structural integrity compared to traditional stone masonry.
2. There are several types of vaults, including barrel vaults, groin vaults, and ribbed vaults, each providing different aesthetic and structural advantages.
3. Vaults enabled the construction of monumental buildings like the Pantheon, which features a massive coffered dome that remains one of the largest unreinforced concrete structures in the world.
4. The use of vaults in Roman architecture significantly influenced later architectural styles during the Renaissance and Baroque periods, where similar techniques were revived and adapted.
5. The development of vaulting techniques was crucial in addressing the challenges of spanning large spaces within public buildings, such as baths, temples, and marketplaces in Roman towns.

Review Questions

• How did the introduction of vaults revolutionize the design and functionality of public buildings in Roman towns?
  • The introduction of vaults transformed Roman public buildings by allowing architects to create larger and more open interior spaces without relying on numerous supporting columns. This innovation led to the construction of impressive structures such as basilicas and baths that could accommodate large crowds. The ability to span wide areas with vaulted ceilings not only enhanced the aesthetic appeal of these buildings but also increased their utility for various civic activities.
• Compare barrel vaults and groin vaults, focusing on their structural design and usage in Roman architecture.
  • Barrel vaults are formed by extending a single arch along a given distance, creating a tunnel-like structure, while groin vaults are created by the intersection of two barrel vaults. The groin vault offers enhanced stability and allows for more complex designs compared to barrel vaults. Both types were extensively used in Roman architecture; barrel vaults often characterized long hallways and storage areas, whereas groin vaults were prevalent in larger spaces like public baths and churches.
• Evaluate the impact of vaulted structures on urban planning in Roman towns, considering both aesthetic and practical aspects.
  • Vaulted structures significantly impacted urban planning in Roman towns by enhancing both the aesthetic appeal and practical functionality of public spaces. The visual grandeur of vaulted ceilings contributed to a sense of civic pride and cultural identity while providing necessary shelter for large gatherings. Additionally, the efficient use of space allowed for more sophisticated layouts within towns, accommodating markets, temples, and governmental functions, thereby facilitating social interaction and commerce while demonstrating Rome's architectural innovation.

Related terms

Arch: A curved structure that spans an opening and supports weight above it, serving as a fundamental element in the construction of vaults.

Basilica: A large public building used for various functions, including legal and political proceedings, characterized by its longitudinal plan and often featuring vaulted ceilings.

Dome: An architectural element that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere, often constructed using vaulting techniques to cover large spaces.