Battle of Yorktown

Definition

The Battle of Yorktown was a decisive military engagement during the American Revolutionary War that took place from September 28 to October 19, 1781. This battle marked the end of major fighting in the colonies, as British General Cornwallis' army was surrounded and forced to surrender to American and French forces. The victory at Yorktown was crucial in securing American independence and set the stage for the eventual peace negotiations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Battle of Yorktown was a combined effort between American forces led by General George Washington and French troops commanded by General Rochambeau.
2. The siege lasted about three weeks, during which the American and French forces bombarded Cornwallis's troops and cut off their supply lines.
3. Cornwallis's surrender on October 19, 1781, effectively ended British hopes of regaining control over the American colonies.
4. The battle showcased the effectiveness of alliances in warfare, as French support was vital for the American victory at Yorktown.
5. Following Yorktown, public support for the war in Britain declined, leading to a shift in British policy regarding the American colonies.

Review Questions

• How did the cooperation between American and French forces contribute to the success of the Battle of Yorktown?
  • The cooperation between American and French forces was key to the success at Yorktown, as they executed a coordinated strategy that overwhelmed British defenses. General George Washington's leadership combined with General Rochambeau's French troops allowed for a sustained siege that effectively cut off British supplies and reinforcements. The unity of purpose and resources from both nations created an environment where Cornwallis's army could be encircled and ultimately compelled to surrender.
• What were the immediate consequences of the British surrender at Yorktown for both the American colonists and Britain?
  • The immediate consequences of the British surrender at Yorktown were profound for both sides. For the American colonists, it signified a turning point in their struggle for independence, boosting morale and galvanizing support for the revolution. Conversely, for Britain, the loss diminished public support for continuing the war, leading to increased calls for negotiation and ultimately resulting in peace talks that culminated in the Treaty of Paris.
• Evaluate how the outcome of the Battle of Yorktown influenced subsequent diplomatic efforts leading to American independence.
  • The outcome of the Battle of Yorktown significantly influenced diplomatic efforts by demonstrating that British military defeat was possible, which emboldened American negotiators in subsequent peace talks. The surrender shifted perceptions in Europe about America’s potential for independence, leading to increased support from other nations. As a result, it created a context where diplomatic negotiations, particularly those leading to the Treaty of Paris in 1783, were more favorable for America, allowing them to secure recognition as an independent nation.

Related terms

General Cornwallis: A British Army officer and colonial administrator who played a prominent role in the American Revolutionary War, best known for his surrender at Yorktown.

Siege: A military tactic involving surrounding a fortified position to cut off essential supplies, forcing the defenders to surrender.

Treaty of Paris: The agreement signed in 1783 that officially ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized the sovereignty of the United States.