Greek Revival

Definition

Greek Revival refers to an architectural style that emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, characterized by its inspiration from the classical architecture of ancient Greece. This style emphasized symmetry, columns, and grandeur, reflecting ideals of democracy and beauty that were associated with ancient Greek culture. It became a prominent movement in various countries, especially in the United States and Europe, influencing public buildings, homes, and monuments.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Greek Revival movement peaked in the United States between 1820 and 1860, becoming popular for government buildings and civic monuments.
2. Prominent examples of Greek Revival architecture include the U.S. Capitol building and many state capitol buildings across the nation.
3. This style was often used to symbolize the democratic ideals of the young American republic, drawing parallels between the U.S. and ancient Greece.
4. Greek Revival buildings typically feature elements like tall columns, pediments, and bold cornices that mimic classical temples.
5. The movement was part of a broader trend in Europe and America during the time that sought to reconnect with classical antiquity, influencing various art forms beyond architecture.

Review Questions

• How does Greek Revival architecture reflect the cultural values of its time?
  • Greek Revival architecture embodies the cultural values of democracy, beauty, and civic pride that were prominent in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. By drawing inspiration from ancient Greece, which was seen as the cradle of democracy, architects sought to evoke a sense of grandeur and moral virtue in public spaces. The style's emphasis on symmetry and classical elements conveyed ideals of order and rationality that resonated with the aspirations of a nation establishing its identity.
• Discuss how Greek Revival architecture was utilized in American public buildings during the 19th century.
  • In the 19th century, Greek Revival architecture became widely adopted for American public buildings, reflecting the nation’s aspiration to emulate democratic ideals similar to those of ancient Greece. Structures like state capitols, courthouses, and museums were designed using this style to convey a sense of authority and permanence. This choice of architectural style signified the importance of civic engagement and the value placed on governance derived from public participation.
• Evaluate the impact of Greek Revival architecture on modern architectural movements and its lasting influence today.
  • Greek Revival architecture has had a significant impact on modern architectural movements by inspiring contemporary designers to incorporate classical elements into their works. The principles of symmetry, proportion, and grandeur established by this style continue to inform neoclassical designs and adaptations in various forms today. Moreover, its role in shaping public perception about civic spaces and institutions has persisted, influencing how we view government buildings and monuments as symbols of democratic values.

Related terms

Neoclassicism: An artistic movement that sought to revive the classical art and architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, focusing on simplicity and symmetry.

Doric Order: One of the classical orders of ancient Greek architecture characterized by sturdy columns with a simple capital and no base.

Portico: A structure consisting of a roof supported by columns at regular intervals, typically attached to a building as an entrance or a porch.