Radiation therapy

Definition

Radiation therapy is a medical treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill or damage cancer cells. By targeting specific areas of the body where tumors are located, this treatment aims to shrink or eliminate cancerous growths while sparing as much surrounding healthy tissue as possible. Radiation therapy can be used alone or in conjunction with other cancer treatments, making it a vital component in the management of cancer.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Radiation therapy can be delivered in two main ways: external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy).
2. Side effects of radiation therapy may include fatigue, skin irritation at the treatment site, and potential long-term effects on surrounding organs.
3. Radiation therapy is often used as a palliative treatment to relieve symptoms in advanced cancers, improving quality of life even if it does not cure the disease.
4. The effectiveness of radiation therapy depends on various factors including the type and stage of cancer, as well as the location and size of the tumor.
5. Advancements in technology, like intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), allow for more precise targeting of tumors, reducing damage to healthy tissues.

Review Questions

• How does radiation therapy differ from other cancer treatments like chemotherapy?
  • Radiation therapy specifically uses high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells directly at the tumor site, while chemotherapy employs drugs that circulate throughout the body to kill cancer cells wherever they may be. This means that radiation is often localized to a specific area, making it particularly effective for certain types of tumors, whereas chemotherapy affects both cancerous and some healthy cells throughout the body. The choice between these treatments often depends on the type of cancer and its stage.
• Discuss the role of a radiation oncologist in managing patient care during radiation therapy.
  • A radiation oncologist plays a crucial role in managing patient care by first determining the appropriateness of radiation therapy for the patient's specific type of cancer. They develop a tailored treatment plan that includes dosing, scheduling, and technique selection to maximize effectiveness while minimizing side effects. Throughout the treatment process, the radiation oncologist monitors patient responses, addresses any complications or side effects, and adjusts treatment plans as necessary to ensure optimal outcomes.
• Evaluate how advancements in technology have changed the practice of radiation therapy in recent years.
  • Advancements in technology have significantly transformed radiation therapy practices, particularly with techniques like intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT). These innovations allow for more precise targeting of tumors, which minimizes damage to surrounding healthy tissues and reduces side effects for patients. Additionally, real-time imaging techniques help doctors adjust treatments based on tumor movements during sessions, thereby increasing the accuracy and effectiveness of each session. These developments are improving outcomes for patients and expanding options for complex cases.

Related terms

radiation oncologist: A medical doctor who specializes in using radiation therapy to treat cancer and manages patient care before, during, and after treatment.

teletherapy: A form of radiation therapy where the radiation source is positioned at a distance from the patient, allowing for targeted treatment of the tumor.

brachytherapy: A type of radiation therapy where a radioactive source is placed directly inside or very close to the tumor, delivering concentrated doses of radiation over a short distance.