The Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) measures the difference in outcomes between individuals who received a treatment and those who would have had the same outcomes if they had not received the treatment, specifically focusing on those who actually received it. This concept helps researchers understand the effectiveness of a treatment or intervention by isolating the impact on a specific group, shedding light on causal relationships. ATT is particularly useful when analyzing observational data where random assignment to treatment groups is not possible.
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