Saint Joan

Definition

Saint Joan, also known as Joan of Arc, was a peasant girl who became a national heroine of France for her role during the Hundred Years' War. She claimed to have received visions from saints instructing her to support Charles VII and help reclaim France from English occupation. Her story serves as a profound exploration of themes like faith, nationalism, and the struggle between personal conviction and societal expectations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Joan of Arc was born in 1412 in Domrémy, France, and began having visions at the age of 13, which led her to believe she was chosen by God.
2. She played a crucial role in lifting the Siege of Orléans in 1429, which marked a turning point in the Hundred Years' War in favor of the French.
3. Captured by the Burgundians and sold to the English, she was tried for heresy and witchcraft and burned at the stake in 1431 at the age of 19.
4. Joan was posthumously exonerated in 1456 after a retrial, and she was canonized as a saint by the Catholic Church in 1920.
5. Her legacy has influenced numerous works of literature, art, and popular culture, symbolizing courage, faith, and the power of individual conviction.

Review Questions

• How did Joan of Arc's visions influence her actions during the Hundred Years' War?
  • Joan of Arc's visions played a crucial role in motivating her to act during the Hundred Years' War. She believed these divine messages were instructions from saints guiding her to support Charles VII and lead French forces against the English. This deep sense of purpose fueled her determination and leadership during key battles, including the Siege of Orléans, ultimately changing the course of the war.
• In what ways did Joan of Arc challenge societal norms regarding gender and authority during her time?
  • Joan of Arc significantly challenged societal norms by assuming a male role in military leadership at a time when women were largely excluded from such positions. Her actions defied contemporary gender expectations and questioned the established authority of both political and religious leaders. By leading troops into battle and claiming divine guidance, she not only inspired her contemporaries but also set a precedent for future discussions about women's roles in society.
• Evaluate the impact of Joan of Arc's legacy on modern concepts of nationalism and martyrdom.
  • Joan of Arc's legacy has had a profound impact on modern concepts of nationalism and martyrdom. Her dedication to France during a time of foreign invasion fostered a sense of national identity among the French people that resonates even today. As a martyr who sacrificed her life for her beliefs, she exemplifies how individual conviction can inspire collective action. This dual legacy continues to shape discussions around patriotism, sacrifice, and the role of women in history.

Related terms

Nationalism: A political ideology that emphasizes loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a nation or nation-state and its interests, often in contrast to other nations.

Martyr: A person who is killed or suffers greatly for their religious beliefs or convictions, often celebrated for their courage and commitment.

Heresy: Beliefs or opinions that go against established religious doctrines, which can lead to persecution or condemnation by authorities.