Tom Jones

Definition

'Tom Jones' is a novel written by Henry Fielding, first published in 1749, that tells the story of an orphaned foundling's adventures and misadventures as he seeks love and identity in 18th-century England. The novel is notable for its use of satire, social commentary, and its exploration of human nature, linking it closely to the rise of the novel as a literary form and the satirical movement of the time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'Tom Jones' is considered one of the first major English novels and plays a significant role in the development of the novel as a literary form during the 18th century.
2. Fielding employs a satirical style to critique social norms, class distinctions, and human behavior throughout the narrative.
3. The character of Tom Jones embodies the picaresque hero, navigating through various adventures while maintaining his inherent goodness despite societal corruption.
4. The novel is structured with a complex narrative style, including digressions and authorial commentary, which enhance its satirical elements.
5. 'Tom Jones' has influenced many later writers and remains a key work in discussions about the evolution of the novel and satire in literature.

Review Questions

• How does 'Tom Jones' utilize satire to comment on 18th-century English society?
  • 'Tom Jones' uses satire by highlighting the hypocrisy and moral failings of various social classes. Through Tom's encounters with different characters—from aristocrats to common folk—Fielding exposes their vices and absurdities. This satirical approach allows readers to reflect on societal norms and question established values during that period.
• Discuss how 'Tom Jones' fits into the picaresque genre and what this reveals about its main character.
  • 'Tom Jones' embodies many characteristics of the picaresque genre, particularly through its episodic structure and focus on the adventures of an outsider. Tom’s journey through various societal settings illustrates his resilience and innate goodness while showcasing the flaws within those he encounters. This alignment with picaresque traditions emphasizes themes of identity and morality in a flawed world.
• Evaluate how Henry Fielding’s narrative style in 'Tom Jones' contributes to its significance as a precursor to modern novels.
  • 'Tom Jones' features a narrative style that blends omniscient storytelling with personal commentary, allowing Fielding to engage directly with readers. This approach not only creates humor but also deepens character development and enhances thematic exploration. By breaking traditional storytelling conventions, Fielding paves the way for future novelists to experiment with form, making 'Tom Jones' essential in understanding the evolution of modern literature.

Related terms

Picaresque: 'Picaresque' refers to a genre of fiction that follows the adventures of a rogue or misfit character, often with a focus on their interactions with society, typically characterized by a humorous or satirical tone.

Satire: 'Satire' is a literary technique that uses humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to criticize and expose the flaws or shortcomings of individuals, society, or institutions.

Bildungsroman: 'Bildungsroman' is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood, often highlighting their journey toward self-discovery and maturity.