Fabliau

Definition

A fabliau is a short, comic narrative poem that typically features lower-class characters and focuses on themes of love, trickery, and social satire. These tales often employ humor and wit to critique societal norms, using a straightforward narrative style that contrasts with the more elevated themes found in courtly literature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fabliaux were popular during the medieval period, especially in France, and often served as a form of entertainment for both the lower and middle classes.
2. They frequently utilize irony and exaggeration to expose the flaws of their characters and critique societal norms, making them an important source of insight into medieval life.
3. The language used in fabliaux is generally simple and accessible, which allows for a wide audience while still maintaining clever wordplay and humor.
4. Many of Chaucer's tales in 'The Canterbury Tales', such as 'The Miller's Tale', are examples of fabliaux, showcasing his mastery of this form.
5. Fabliaux contrast sharply with the elevated themes of courtly love found in chivalric romances by focusing on more vulgar or realistic aspects of human behavior.

Review Questions

• How do fabliaux differ from other medieval literary forms in terms of character portrayal and themes?
  • Fabliaux stand out from other medieval forms like chivalric romances by featuring lower-class characters who often engage in humorous or trickster behavior. While romances focus on ideals such as honor and noble quests, fabliaux emphasize realism and social satire. This difference highlights the diverse perspectives within medieval literature, allowing readers to see the lives and values of common people compared to the noble ideals portrayed in romances.
• Discuss the significance of humor and satire in fabliaux and their role in medieval society.
  • Humor and satire in fabliaux play a critical role in providing social commentary on the norms and behaviors of medieval society. By using wit to expose the follies of characters, these narratives engage audiences while encouraging them to reflect on issues like morality, class differences, and human nature. This not only entertained but also fostered a sense of connection among readers from various backgrounds by addressing relatable themes and experiences.
• Evaluate Chaucer's use of fabliau elements in 'The Canterbury Tales' and how they contribute to his overall narrative strategy.
  • Chaucer employs elements of fabliau in 'The Canterbury Tales' to create a rich tapestry of voices and experiences that reflect the complexities of 14th-century England. By including stories that are humorous yet critical of societal norms, Chaucer challenges the reader to consider different perspectives on class, gender, and morality. This strategic use of fabliau not only entertains but also allows for deeper exploration of themes that resonate with a wide audience, reinforcing his role as a keen observer of human behavior.

Related terms

Allegory: A narrative in which characters and events symbolize broader concepts and ideas, often conveying moral lessons.

Chivalric Romance: A literary genre that emphasizes the ideals of chivalry, including honor, courtly love, and noble quests, typically featuring noble characters.

Narrative Structure: The framework that underlies the order and manner in which a narrative is presented, including elements like plot, character development, and thematic focus.