Daniel Defoe

Definition

Daniel Defoe was an English writer and journalist, best known for his novel 'Robinson Crusoe,' which is often regarded as one of the first modern novels. His work marked a significant turning point in literature, as he introduced a new narrative style that combined realism with fiction, reflecting the cultural and historical changes of his time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Defoe was a prolific writer and published over 500 works during his lifetime, including novels, essays, and pamphlets.
2. He was a pioneer in using the first-person narrative style in fiction, which helped to create a more immersive reading experience.
3. His novel 'A Journal of the Plague Year' is notable for its vivid depiction of life during the Great Plague of London in 1665.
4. Defoe faced numerous legal troubles due to his controversial writings, including imprisonment for seditious libel.
5. His works often explored themes of individualism, survival, and social commentary, reflecting the Enlightenment ideals prevalent during his time.

Review Questions

• How did Daniel Defoe's narrative style contribute to the early development of the English novel?
  • Daniel Defoe's narrative style was groundbreaking because he employed a first-person perspective that allowed readers to connect intimately with characters and their experiences. This approach made his storytelling more relatable and immersive, which set a precedent for future novelists. By blending realism with fiction, Defoe established a foundation for the English novel that prioritized character development and personal experiences over traditional epic storytelling.
• In what ways did Defoe's works reflect the characteristics of Enlightenment literature?
  • Defoe's works embody key characteristics of Enlightenment literature through their emphasis on reason, individualism, and social critique. His novels often highlight the power of human agency and rational thought in overcoming adversity. Additionally, Defoe's writings addressed contemporary social issues, such as economic hardship and moral dilemmas, showcasing the Enlightenment's commitment to questioning established norms and advocating for progress.
• Evaluate how Daniel Defoe's use of realism influenced other writers in the 18th century.
  • Daniel Defoe's pioneering use of realism significantly influenced 18th-century writers by establishing a model for depicting ordinary life and human experiences authentically. His focus on relatable characters and everyday situations paved the way for later novelists like Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding. By prioritizing realistic storytelling over romantic or fantastical elements, Defoe encouraged writers to explore complex social dynamics and moral questions, shaping the direction of English literature during this period.

Related terms

Robinson Crusoe: A novel by Daniel Defoe published in 1719, telling the story of a shipwrecked sailor's survival on a deserted island and his quest for civilization.

Realism: A literary movement focused on representing everyday life and society accurately, which became prominent in literature during the 18th century.

Pamphleteering: The act of writing and distributing pamphlets to promote political or social causes, which Defoe utilized effectively to voice his opinions on various issues.