Permafrost thaw refers to the process in which permanently frozen ground begins to melt, leading to significant changes in the physical and biological environment. This phenomenon is especially critical in Arctic and alpine ecosystems, where permafrost plays a crucial role in carbon storage and nutrient cycling. As temperatures rise due to climate change, the thawing of permafrost can release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, impacting global warming and altering biogeochemical cycles.
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