Submersion

Definition

Submersion refers to an educational approach where non-native language learners are placed in an all-English speaking environment without any support in their native language. This model is designed to immerse students in the target language, often with the assumption that they will acquire the language naturally through exposure. However, it typically overlooks the importance of maintaining the students' first language and can lead to significant challenges in academic achievement and social integration.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Submersion programs often lack adequate support for non-native speakers, leading to frustration and academic difficulties.
2. This model was prevalent in various educational systems during the 20th century but has become increasingly criticized for its ineffectiveness.
3. Students in submersion settings may experience a disconnect from their cultural identity due to the absence of their native language in education.
4. Research indicates that submersion can lead to significant gaps in learning, as students struggle to understand content delivered solely in a second language.
5. Submersion is distinct from immersion programs, as it does not offer any form of bilingual instruction or assistance for students.

Review Questions

• How does the submersion model differ from other bilingual education approaches, and what are its potential drawbacks?
  • The submersion model differs from other bilingual education approaches by placing students in an all-English environment without support for their native language. This lack of support can lead to significant academic struggles and social isolation for non-native speakers. In contrast, bilingual education models aim to maintain students' first languages while promoting proficiency in English, which helps bridge cultural gaps and enhance overall learning.
• Discuss the implications of submersion on students' academic performance and social development.
  • Submersion can severely hinder students' academic performance, as they may struggle to grasp complex concepts taught exclusively in a second language. This environment can also impact social development by isolating students from their peers, leading to feelings of frustration and exclusion. Without a strong foundation in their native language, these learners may face challenges in expressing themselves and connecting with others, further exacerbating their academic difficulties.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of submersion on language retention and identity among non-native speakers.
  • The long-term effects of submersion on language retention can be quite detrimental, as students may lose proficiency in their native language due to a lack of use and support. This loss can negatively impact their cultural identity, creating a disconnect between their heritage and their present environment. Over time, individuals educated in a submersion model may struggle with bilingualism, potentially leading to feelings of cultural dislocation and a diminished sense of self within their communities.

Related terms

Immersion: A teaching method where students are placed in a language-rich environment to learn a new language by using it as the primary medium of instruction.

Bilingual Education: An educational system that uses two languages for instruction, often aiming to promote proficiency in both the native and target languages.

Language Acquisition: The process through which individuals learn a language, which can occur naturally or through structured education.