Silhak movement

Definition

The silhak movement, also known as the 'Practical Learning' movement, was a significant intellectual and cultural shift in Korea during the late Joseon Dynasty that emphasized practicality, realism, and the importance of empirical observation in learning. This movement arose as a response to the rigid Confucianism that dominated the era, encouraging scholars to explore various disciplines like science, agriculture, and commerce, leading to advancements in both thought and artistic expression.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The silhak movement gained momentum in the late 17th century and continued into the 19th century as scholars sought practical knowledge to address societal issues.
2. Silhak scholars often criticized the elite class for their reliance on traditional Confucian texts while advocating for education that connected with real-world applications.
3. This movement had a significant impact on Korean art, particularly influencing true-view landscape painting by promoting realistic depictions based on direct observation of nature.
4. Silhak emphasized subjects such as agriculture, commerce, and scientific inquiry, leading to practical reforms that benefited society.
5. Key figures of the silhak movement included Jeong Yakyong and Yu Hyongwon, who played important roles in advancing practical learning and reformist ideas.

Review Questions

• How did the silhak movement challenge traditional Confucian values in Korean society?
  • The silhak movement challenged traditional Confucian values by promoting a more practical approach to education and knowledge. Instead of solely focusing on classical texts and idealized moral teachings, silhak scholars emphasized empirical observation and real-world applications. This shift encouraged critical thinking and allowed individuals to question existing norms, leading to a broader understanding of society's needs and fostering reforms that addressed practical issues.
• Discuss the relationship between the silhak movement and true-view landscape painting, highlighting how each influenced the other.
  • The silhak movement directly influenced true-view landscape painting by advocating for a realistic representation of nature based on direct observation rather than idealistic interpretations. As scholars embraced practical learning and sought to understand the world around them, artists responded by depicting landscapes that accurately reflected their environment. This synergy between intellectual thought and artistic expression helped to establish a distinct visual language in Korean art during the late Joseon Dynasty.
• Evaluate the overall impact of the silhak movement on Korean society during the Joseon Dynasty and how it set the stage for future reforms.
  • The silhak movement had a profound impact on Korean society by encouraging a shift towards practicality in education, governance, and the arts. By challenging entrenched Confucian ideals and promoting empirical inquiry, it laid the groundwork for future reforms that would address societal needs more effectively. The emphasis on realistic representations in art and a focus on disciplines like agriculture and commerce not only advanced knowledge but also helped foster a sense of identity that would be crucial as Korea faced modern challenges in later centuries.

Related terms

Confucianism: A philosophical and ethical system based on the teachings of Confucius, emphasizing moral integrity, social harmony, and respect for hierarchy.

True-view landscape painting: A style of painting that emerged in Korea during the late Joseon Dynasty, characterized by its accurate representation of landscapes based on direct observation rather than idealized forms.

Joseon Dynasty: A Korean dynastic period lasting from 1392 to 1910, noted for its cultural, political, and economic development under Confucian ideals.