Canon of Polykleitos

Definition

The canon of Polykleitos is a set of ideal proportions for the human figure established by the ancient Greek sculptor Polykleitos, often exemplified in his renowned statue 'Doryphoros' or 'Spear Bearer'. This canon emphasized balance, symmetry, and the mathematical ratios of the human body, influencing both Greek and later Roman art significantly. It provided a standard for beauty and correctness in sculpture, showcasing a shift towards a more systematic approach to representing the human form.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Polykleitos developed his canon during the 5th century BCE as part of a broader movement towards naturalism in Greek art.
2. The canon was based on mathematical ratios, particularly the use of the ratio of 1:7 for the ideal height of a male figure compared to his head.
3. Polykleitos' work influenced not only Greek artists but also had a profound impact on Roman sculptors who sought to replicate the ideals of Greek art.
4. Roman copies of Polykleitos' statues often retained these proportional guidelines while also adapting them to suit their own cultural contexts.
5. The principles outlined in the canon continued to influence artists during the Renaissance, highlighting its lasting legacy in Western art.

Review Questions

• How did Polykleitos' canon influence the representation of the human figure in Roman adaptations of Greek art?
  • Polykleitos' canon introduced a systematic approach to depicting the human figure through ideal proportions, which became foundational for Roman sculptors. They emulated his principles when creating their own works, maintaining balance and symmetry while adapting subjects to reflect Roman ideals. This resulted in sculptures that not only showcased technical skill but also conveyed cultural significance, blending Greek influences with Roman identity.
• Discuss how the concept of contrapposto relates to Polykleitos' canon and its application in subsequent art periods.
  • Contrapposto is a pose that reflects the dynamic balance emphasized in Polykleitos' canon. By shifting weight onto one leg, artists created more lifelike representations that aligned with the ideals of harmony and proportion. This technique became a hallmark of Classical art, influencing subsequent periods such as the Renaissance, where artists sought to revive and adapt these classical ideals to enhance realism and expressiveness in their works.
• Evaluate the enduring impact of Polykleitos' canon on Western art from antiquity through the Renaissance and beyond.
  • Polykleitos' canon established fundamental principles that shaped artistic standards for centuries. Its emphasis on proportionality and symmetry influenced not only contemporary Greek artists but also Roman sculptors who adopted and adapted these ideas. During the Renaissance, artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo drew inspiration from these classical concepts, demonstrating their relevance in achieving realism and ideal beauty. The canon's principles continue to resonate in modern art discussions about aesthetics and representation.

Related terms

Doryphoros: A famous statue created by Polykleitos that represents the ideal male form and embodies his canon of proportions.

Contrapposto: A pose in sculpture where the weight is shifted onto one leg, creating a sense of dynamism and relaxed naturalism.

Classical Idealism: An artistic style that emphasizes harmony, balance, and proportion, aiming to represent beauty and perfection in art.