West pediment

Definition

The west pediment is the triangular section located above the entrance of a classical temple, often adorned with sculptural reliefs that depict mythological or historical scenes. This architectural feature serves not only as a decorative element but also as a key focal point that communicates important narratives related to the temple's function and the deities it honors.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The west pediment of the Parthenon features a dynamic scene that illustrates the contest between Athena and Poseidon for the patronage of Athens.
2. Sculptures on the west pediment were designed to create a sense of movement and drama, showcasing high levels of artistic skill and craftsmanship.
3. Unlike the east pediment, which depicts the birth of Athena, the west pediment emphasizes conflict and competition, reflecting themes of civic pride.
4. The west pediment sculptures were carved from marble, demonstrating the use of this material's durability and aesthetic qualities in classical architecture.
5. Due to natural erosion and damage over time, much of the original sculptural detail from the west pediment has been lost or fragmented.

Review Questions

• How do the sculptures on the west pediment contribute to our understanding of Athenian values and beliefs?
  • The sculptures on the west pediment depict the contest between Athena and Poseidon, symbolizing the importance of civic identity and divine favor in Athenian culture. This competition highlights how Athenians valued wisdom and strategy over brute strength, as Athena's victory represents their preference for intelligence in leadership. The focus on this mythological narrative reflects both religious devotion and civic pride, illustrating how art was used to reinforce communal values.
• Compare and contrast the themes presented in the west and east pediments of the Parthenon. What do these differences reveal about their respective functions?
  • The west pediment presents a theme of conflict through the contest between Athena and Poseidon, while the east pediment focuses on creation and celebration through the birth of Athena. This contrast highlights how each pediment serves a different function; the west engages viewers in Athenian political identity, while the east promotes reverence towards the goddess. Together, they encapsulate Athenian mythology and civic pride, illustrating how public art can convey multiple layers of meaning.
• Evaluate how the design and decoration of the west pediment reflects broader trends in Classical Greek architecture and sculpture during its time.
  • The design and decoration of the west pediment exemplify broader trends in Classical Greek architecture and sculpture that emphasize realism, dynamic poses, and intricate detail. The emphasis on storytelling through sculptural reliefs mirrors advancements in artistic techniques that prioritize human emotion and movement. Additionally, this focus on mythology within public spaces aligns with an era where art was increasingly used to convey civic ideals and religious significance, thereby reinforcing cultural identity in ancient Greece.

Related terms

pediment: A pediment is a triangular gable atop a building's facade, commonly seen in classical architecture, which can include sculptural reliefs.

frieze: A frieze is a decorative horizontal band found on a wall or around the upper part of a building, often featuring relief sculptures or paintings.

entablature: An entablature is the horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of three main sections: architrave, frieze, and cornice.