Thomas Paine

Definition

Thomas Paine was an influential English-American political activist, philosopher, and writer best known for his works that advocated for independence from British rule and the principles of democracy. His writings, particularly 'Common Sense' and 'The American Crisis,' played a pivotal role in galvanizing public support for the American Revolution and shaping modern democratic thought.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Paine was born in England in 1737 but immigrated to America in 1774, where he quickly became involved in revolutionary politics.
2. 'Common Sense' was published in January 1776 and sold over 500,000 copies within a few months, making it one of the most widely read pamphlets of its time.
3. Paine's ideas about rights and government influenced the Declaration of Independence and later democratic documents around the world.
4. He also wrote 'Rights of Man' in response to criticism of the French Revolution, defending the principles of democracy and individual rights.
5. Paine faced backlash and persecution later in life for his radical views, particularly regarding religion, which contributed to his decline in popularity.

Review Questions

• How did Thomas Paine's writings contribute to the American Revolution?
  • Thomas Paine's writings were crucial in motivating colonists to support the revolutionary cause. In 'Common Sense,' he clearly articulated the arguments for independence from Britain, making them accessible to a broad audience. His ability to connect with ordinary people through straightforward language helped shift public opinion towards revolution, ultimately fostering a sense of unity and purpose among the colonies.
• Discuss the impact of Paine's 'The American Crisis' on the morale of American troops during the Revolutionary War.
  • Paine's 'The American Crisis' had a significant impact on American troops by providing much-needed encouragement during challenging times. Published when morale was low, particularly after defeats, it urged soldiers to remain steadfast and resilient. The famous opening line, 'These are the times that try men's souls,' resonated deeply, serving as a rallying cry that helped boost spirits and instill determination among the ranks.
• Evaluate Thomas Paine's legacy and how his ideas have influenced modern democratic movements globally.
  • Thomas Paine's legacy is profound, as his advocacy for individual rights and democratic governance laid groundwork for future democratic movements worldwide. His belief that governments should be based on consent rather than tyranny influenced both the French Revolution and later civil rights movements. Today, his ideas continue to inspire activists fighting for freedom and equality across various societies, highlighting his lasting relevance in discussions about democracy and human rights.

Related terms

Common Sense: A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 that argued for American independence from Britain, presenting the case in a straightforward and compelling manner.

The American Crisis: A series of pamphlets written by Thomas Paine during the American Revolution that inspired soldiers and citizens to persevere during difficult times.

Enlightenment: An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority, influencing thinkers like Thomas Paine.