Danevirke

Definition

Danevirke is a series of fortifications that were built in the early Middle Ages in what is now Denmark. It was primarily constructed as a defensive structure to protect against invasions from various groups, particularly the Vikings, and it played a crucial role in the political landscape of the region during the Viking Age. The fortifications showcased the advanced engineering skills of the time and served as a testament to the military strategies employed by the Danes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Danevirke was primarily built during the 8th and 9th centuries and extended approximately 30 kilometers, incorporating earthworks, wooden palisades, and stone structures.
2. The fortifications were strategically placed to control access between Jutland and the rest of Scandinavia, serving as a deterrent against invasions from the south.
3. Danevirke's construction reflects a shift in military strategy during the Viking Age, where emphasis was placed on defending territory rather than just raiding.
4. Archaeological evidence from the Danevirke site has provided insights into the technological capabilities of the Danes, including their use of earth-moving techniques.
5. The fortifications were used in various conflicts throughout history, including resistance against Charlemagne's forces during the late 8th century.

Review Questions

• How did the construction of Danevirke reflect changes in military strategy during the Viking Age?
  • The construction of Danevirke marked a significant shift in Viking military strategy from aggressive raiding to territorial defense. Unlike earlier periods where raids were common without permanent defensive structures, the creation of extensive fortifications indicated a need to protect settled areas from invasions. This change suggests that as Viking societies developed, they began to prioritize the defense of their lands and communities against external threats.
• Discuss the role of Danevirke in controlling access between Jutland and other regions during its operational period.
  • Danevirke played a crucial role in controlling access between Jutland and neighboring regions, particularly during periods of conflict. By strategically placing these fortifications, the Danes were able to monitor and restrict movements across key routes. This not only helped defend against invading forces but also allowed for better management of trade and communication within their territories, showcasing its significance in both military and economic contexts.
• Evaluate the archaeological significance of Danevirke in understanding Viking Age engineering and military organization.
  • Danevirke serves as an essential archaeological site for evaluating Viking Age engineering practices and military organization. The complexity of its construction, including earthworks and wooden structures, illustrates advanced techniques that were employed by the Danes. Additionally, studying the layout and scale of these fortifications provides insights into how Viking societies structured their defenses and organized their communities in response to threats, reflecting broader societal changes during this transformative period.

Related terms

Longphort: A type of fortified settlement established by the Vikings, often used as a base for raiding and trading.

Ring Fortress: A circular fortification typical of Viking military architecture, designed to provide defense and control over surrounding areas.

Burh:

A term referring to fortified towns or settlements in Anglo-Saxon England, reflecting similar defensive strategies seen in Danevirke.