Burh

Definition

A burh is a fortified settlement or stronghold that was commonly established during the Viking Age in England. These structures served as defensive measures against Viking raids, providing refuge and protection for local communities. The design of burhs typically included earthworks, walls, and ditches, often strategically positioned near rivers or roads to control trade and movement.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Burhs were often established by King Alfred the Great as part of his strategy to defend against Viking incursions and strengthen local communities.
2. Each burh was designed with specific features, such as a central plaza for gatherings and a layout that facilitated defense against attackers.
3. The walls of a burh were usually made from timber or earth, creating an effective barrier against enemy forces and securing the inhabitants.
4. Burhs played a crucial role in the administration of areas under threat, allowing for organized military responses and control over resources.
5. The concept of burhs influenced later medieval fortifications and urban planning, establishing a model for towns that prioritized security.

Review Questions

• How did the establishment of burhs impact local communities during the Viking Age?
  • The establishment of burhs had a significant impact on local communities by providing them with a secure place to take refuge during Viking raids. These fortified settlements not only offered protection but also fostered a sense of unity among residents, who banded together for mutual safety. Additionally, burhs facilitated local governance and economic activities, as they served as centers for trade and administration while enhancing the overall resilience of the community.
• In what ways did King Alfred's creation of burhs contribute to the defense strategy against Viking invasions?
  • King Alfred's creation of burhs was a key element of his defense strategy against Viking invasions, as it enabled him to establish fortified positions throughout his kingdom. By constructing these strongholds, he could provide immediate protection for local populations and create strategic military outposts for rapid response. The placement of burhs along important routes allowed for better control of movement and trade, making it more difficult for Vikings to raid effectively while strengthening the overall stability of Alfred's rule.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of burhs on urban development in England following the Viking Age.
  • The long-term effects of burhs on urban development in England were profound, as they set a precedent for how towns were organized and fortified in the medieval period. The principles of security and community cohesion established by burhs influenced future urban planning, leading to the construction of walled towns that prioritized safety from invasions. Moreover, these fortified settlements became centers for trade and governance, fostering economic growth and social organization that shaped the evolution of English towns well beyond the Viking Age.

Related terms

Danish Conquest: The period during the late 9th to early 10th century when Danish Vikings invaded and settled in parts of England, significantly impacting its political landscape.

Walled Town: A town that is enclosed by a wall for protection, which was common in medieval Europe as a response to invasions and conflicts.

Fortification: The act of building military defenses to protect against attack, which includes various structures such as walls, ditches, and towers.