Gis mapping

Definition

GIS mapping, or Geographic Information System mapping, refers to the use of technology to analyze and visualize spatial data by creating maps that integrate various information layers. This powerful tool allows researchers to overlay data about archaeological sites, such as topography, historical maps, and current land use, making it easier to understand the context and significance of the findings.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. GIS mapping can dramatically improve the accuracy of site documentation by providing precise geographical coordinates and context.
2. It allows archaeologists to identify patterns in artifact distribution that may not be visible through traditional field methods.
3. GIS can incorporate data from various sources, including satellite imagery, historical documents, and field surveys, creating a comprehensive view of an area.
4. One key feature is the ability to analyze changes over time by comparing maps created at different points in history.
5. GIS mapping supports decision-making in archaeological planning and resource management by providing a visual representation of complex spatial relationships.

Review Questions

• How does GIS mapping enhance the recording and documentation practices in archaeology?
  • GIS mapping enhances recording and documentation practices by enabling archaeologists to create detailed and interactive maps that represent spatial relationships among artifacts and sites. By integrating various data layers such as terrain, historical features, and artifact locations, researchers can visualize complex patterns that are crucial for understanding the archaeological context. This technology not only improves accuracy but also makes it easier to share findings with a broader audience through compelling visual representations.
• Discuss the role of layering in GIS mapping and how it contributes to archaeological research.
  • Layering is fundamental in GIS mapping as it allows archaeologists to organize different types of data into separate yet interconnected layers. This contributes significantly to archaeological research by enabling the analysis of relationships between various datasets, such as topography, land use, and artifact distribution. By viewing these layers together, researchers can gain insights into how geographical factors may have influenced human activity in the past and make informed hypotheses about site usage.
• Evaluate the impact of integrating remote sensing data with GIS mapping on archaeological fieldwork and site management.
  • Integrating remote sensing data with GIS mapping has revolutionized archaeological fieldwork and site management by providing a comprehensive view of the landscape without extensive excavation. This combination allows archaeologists to identify potential sites of interest based on geophysical signatures and other remote indicators. The enhanced analysis leads to more strategic planning of fieldwork efforts, helping to prioritize areas for investigation while also aiding in the preservation and management of archaeological resources by understanding their spatial context more thoroughly.

Related terms

Spatial Analysis: The process of examining the locations, attributes, and relationships of features in spatial data to understand patterns and trends.

Remote Sensing: The acquisition of information about an object or area from a distance, typically using satellites or aerial imagery, which can be integrated into GIS mapping for enhanced analysis.

Layering: A method in GIS mapping where different types of data are organized into layers, allowing users to visualize and analyze relationships between various datasets.