Nuremberg Trials: The most famous of these trials, held in Nuremberg, Germany from 1945-1946. They prosecuted 24 major war criminals and six groups - Reich Cabinet, Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party, SS (Schutzstaffel), SD (Sicherheitsdienst), Gestapo (Secret State Police), and "General Staff and High Command".
Crimes Against Humanity: A category of international law that includes widespread or systematic attacks against civilians. This was one charge faced by many defendants at the war-crime trials.
Genocide: The deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular ethnic or national group. This term was coined during WWII and is central to understanding why these trials took place.