key term - Hessians

Definition

Hessians were German mercenaries hired by the British during the American Revolutionary War to help fight against the American colonies. They were primarily from the German state of Hesse-Kassel and became infamous for their disciplined military tactics and effectiveness on the battlefield. Their involvement marked a significant aspect of British military strategy as they sought to suppress the growing rebellion in America.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Approximately 30,000 Hessian soldiers were sent to America by the British during the Revolutionary War, making them a significant portion of the British forces.
2. Hessians were often seen as brutal and ruthless, leading to widespread resentment among American colonists towards these foreign troops.
3. The use of Hessian soldiers was controversial in Britain as many viewed it as an indicator of their inability to quell the rebellion using only native troops.
4. The Hessian forces were known for their strong discipline and training, which made them effective fighters in battles, although they often lacked knowledge of local geography.
5. Following their defeat at key battles like Trenton, many Hessians chose to remain in America after the war, contributing to early American society.

Review Questions

• How did the use of Hessian mercenaries reflect Britain's military strategy during the American Revolutionary War?
  • The employment of Hessian mercenaries was a clear indication of Britain's strategy to bolster its military presence in America without overextending its own resources. By hiring skilled German soldiers, Britain aimed to compensate for the challenges faced by its own troops, particularly as colonial resistance grew. This reliance on foreign troops demonstrated both Britain's determination to quell the rebellion and its struggle to maintain effective control over the colonies.
• Discuss the impact of Hessian soldiers on American perceptions of British forces during the Revolutionary War.
  • Hessian soldiers significantly shaped American perceptions of British forces by embodying the image of foreign oppressors. Their reputation for brutality and harsh treatment fueled resentment among colonists, who viewed them as mercenaries lacking loyalty and humanity. This perception intensified colonial resolve against British rule and galvanized support for independence, as Americans rallied around their desire to resist not only Britain but also its foreign allies.
• Evaluate the consequences of Hessian involvement in key battles such as Trenton and how it influenced the overall outcome of the American Revolutionary War.
  • The involvement of Hessians in battles like Trenton had profound consequences for both morale and military strategy in the Revolutionary War. Their defeat at Trenton marked a turning point that revitalized American spirits and encouraged enlistment in the Continental Army. This unexpected victory demonstrated that British and Hessian forces could be defeated, leading to increased support for the revolutionary cause. Ultimately, such victories helped shift momentum towards American independence and played a crucial role in influencing subsequent engagements throughout the war.

Related terms

Mercenary: A mercenary is a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army, often motivated by financial gain rather than loyalty to a nation.

Continental Army:

The Continental Army was formed in 1775 by the Second Continental Congress to coordinate military efforts against British forces during the American Revolutionary War.

Battle of Trenton:

The Battle of Trenton was a pivotal battle fought on December 26, 1776, where George Washington's Continental Army achieved a surprise victory over Hessian troops stationed in Trenton, New Jersey.