key term - Battle of Trenton

Definition

The Battle of Trenton was a pivotal engagement during the American Revolutionary War, fought on December 26, 1776, in New Jersey. This battle is significant as it marked a turning point for the Continental Army, boosting morale and proving that George Washington's leadership could achieve decisive victories against the British and their Hessian allies.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Battle of Trenton took place after a series of defeats for the Continental Army, which had retreated across New Jersey, leading to low morale among the troops.
2. Washington's daring night crossing of the Delaware River on Christmas night allowed him to launch a surprise attack on the Hessians at dawn.
3. The battle lasted only about an hour, resulting in a decisive victory for Washington's forces and the capture of nearly 1,000 Hessian soldiers.
4. The success at Trenton revitalized the Continental Army and helped to re-enlist soldiers who were about to leave due to expiring contracts.
5. The victory at Trenton was followed by another important engagement at Princeton just days later, further boosting American morale and momentum in the war.

Review Questions

• How did the outcome of the Battle of Trenton influence morale among American troops during the Revolutionary War?
  • The victory at Trenton significantly boosted morale among American troops, who had faced numerous setbacks leading up to this battle. It demonstrated that under George Washington's leadership, they could achieve success against well-trained forces. This renewed sense of hope encouraged many soldiers to continue their enlistment and inspired others to join the fight for independence.
• What strategies did George Washington employ to ensure a successful surprise attack on the Hessians at Trenton?
  • George Washington employed several key strategies for a successful surprise attack on the Hessians at Trenton. He planned a daring nighttime crossing of the icy Delaware River on Christmas night, taking advantage of the element of surprise. Washington also timed his attack for dawn when the Hessians would be least prepared, as many were recovering from holiday festivities. This meticulous planning and execution allowed his forces to achieve a quick victory.
• Evaluate how the Battle of Trenton and its aftermath contributed to shaping public support for the American Revolution.
  • The Battle of Trenton played a crucial role in shaping public support for the American Revolution by demonstrating that victory was possible. The unexpected success not only invigorated existing troops but also attracted new recruits eager to join the cause. Furthermore, this victory was widely reported and celebrated, serving as a rallying point for patriots across the colonies. The triumph at Trenton thus helped shift public opinion in favor of continued resistance against British rule, laying the groundwork for future military engagements and ultimately contributing to American independence.

Related terms

George Washington:

The commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution, known for his strategic leadership and pivotal role in securing American independence.

Hessian Soldiers: German mercenaries hired by the British to fight against the American revolutionaries, noted for their discipline and effectiveness in battle.

Continental Army:

The military force established by the Second Continental Congress in 1775 to fight against British rule, composed of soldiers from the Thirteen Colonies.