Geographical Division

Definition

Geographical division refers to the separation of regions based on distinct cultural, economic, and political characteristics that often lead to conflicting interests. In the context of the pre-Civil War United States, this division was primarily evident between the North and the South, contributing significantly to tensions leading up to the election of 1860 and subsequent secession. The different economies, social structures, and attitudes towards slavery highlighted these geographical divisions, ultimately influencing political alignments and decisions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The geographical division between the North and South was marked by differences in economy, with the North being more industrialized while the South relied heavily on agriculture and slavery.
2. The election of 1860 showcased these divisions, as Abraham Lincoln's victory was largely supported by Northern states, while Southern states felt increasingly marginalized.
3. After Lincoln's election, several Southern states seceded from the Union, citing the protection of their way of life—specifically slavery—as a primary reason.
4. This division was not just economic; it also encompassed social values and cultural attitudes towards issues like abolition and civil rights.
5. The geographical division ultimately laid the groundwork for the Civil War, as both sides became more entrenched in their beliefs and less willing to compromise.

Review Questions

• How did geographical divisions contribute to sectionalism in the years leading up to the Civil War?
  • Geographical divisions played a crucial role in fostering sectionalism as different regions developed distinct identities and interests. The North's industrial economy clashed with the South's agrarian focus reliant on slave labor. This divergence created polarized views on issues such as tariffs, infrastructure investments, and most importantly, slavery. These conflicts intensified as each region sought to protect its economic interests and way of life, culminating in heightened tensions that contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War.
• Discuss how the election of 1860 exemplified the impact of geographical divisions on American politics.
  • The election of 1860 starkly highlighted geographical divisions within the United States. Abraham Lincoln, representing the Republican Party, garnered overwhelming support from Northern states due to his anti-slavery stance. In contrast, Southern states viewed his election as a threat to their economic interests and social order. The lack of support for Lincoln in the South illustrated how deeply divided the nation had become along geographical lines, leading to a sense of alienation that propelled several Southern states to secede following his victory.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of geographical divisions on American society following the secession of Southern states.
  • The long-term implications of geographical divisions after Southern states seceded were profound and transformative for American society. The resulting Civil War led to significant changes in political power dynamics, particularly regarding federal authority over states' rights. Post-war Reconstruction efforts aimed at integrating formerly enslaved individuals into society further highlighted these divisions, leading to new social tensions. Ultimately, these geographical divisions established patterns of regional identity that continued to influence American politics, economics, and social issues well into the 20th century and beyond.

Related terms

Sectionalism:

A strong allegiance to a particular region or section of the country, often leading to conflicts with other sections.

Missouri Compromise:

An agreement passed in 1820 aimed at balancing the power between free and slave states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Compromise of 1850: A package of five separate bills passed by Congress that aimed to settle disputes over slavery and territorial expansion in newly acquired lands.