The radix-2 FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) is an efficient algorithm to compute the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of a sequence of complex numbers, specifically when the number of samples is a power of two. It reduces the computational complexity from O(N^2) to O(N log N), making it feasible to analyze signals with large data sets. This algorithm exploits the symmetry and periodicity properties of the DFT, allowing for a divide-and-conquer approach that recursively breaks down the DFT into smaller, more manageable components.
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