Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are a type of graph that is made up of nodes and edges, where each edge has a direction and no cycles exist. This means that if you start at one node, you cannot return to it by following the directed edges. In the context of evaluating causal relationships, DAGs are particularly useful for representing complex relationships and help clarify the distinctions between selection bias and confounding factors by visually outlining how different variables are connected.
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