King Alfred

Definition

King Alfred, also known as Alfred the Great, was a 9th-century king of Wessex who is celebrated for his defense of England against Viking invasions and his efforts to promote learning and legal reform. His reign marked a pivotal point in Anglo-Saxon history, as he laid the foundation for the eventual unification of England and introduced significant advancements in law and justice.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Alfred became king of Wessex in 871 and faced a series of Viking invasions, which he successfully repelled at the Battle of Edington in 878.
2. He is credited with establishing a system of local governance through the creation of shires, which laid the groundwork for modern English counties.
3. Alfred promoted education and literacy, leading to a cultural revival known as the 'Alfredian Renaissance,' where Latin texts were translated into Old English.
4. He implemented legal reforms, including the codification of laws that combined existing Anglo-Saxon traditions with Christian principles.
5. Alfred's legacy includes the notion of a unified England, as he is often regarded as a key figure in the early formation of a national identity.

Review Questions

• How did King Alfred's military strategies impact the Viking invasions during his reign?
  • King Alfred's military strategies were crucial in countering the Viking invasions. His notable victory at the Battle of Edington demonstrated effective tactics and the importance of fortified defenses, leading to a peace treaty that established the Danelaw. By strengthening his army and fortifying key locations through burhs, Alfred not only defended Wessex but also set a precedent for organized military response against external threats.
• Discuss the significance of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in understanding King Alfred's contributions to law and justice.
  • The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle serves as an essential primary source for understanding King Alfred's contributions to law and justice. It chronicles his reign, detailing his legal reforms and initiatives aimed at improving governance. By documenting events and decisions during his time, it provides insight into how Alfred's leadership influenced legal practices and the establishment of shires, reflecting his vision for a more organized and just society.
• Evaluate King Alfred's role in shaping a unified English identity in light of his legal reforms and military successes.
  • King Alfred played a pivotal role in shaping a unified English identity through both his military successes against the Vikings and his legal reforms. His ability to repel invasions fostered a sense of solidarity among the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Additionally, his emphasis on creating a codified system of laws helped unify diverse communities under shared principles, promoting a collective identity that would lay the groundwork for future English nationhood.

Related terms

Danelaw: The area of England that was under the control of the Viking settlers, recognized by treaties and characterized by its own laws and customs.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A historical record commissioned by Alfred that documents the history of England from its early settlement to his own time, providing valuable insights into the era.

Burh: Fortified towns established by Alfred to enhance defense against Viking raids, which also served as centers of trade and governance.