Centering

Definition

Centering refers to the temporary framework or support used in construction to hold up arches, vaults, and other structural elements until they are self-supporting. This technique was essential in Roman architecture as it allowed for the construction of large, complex structures like aqueducts, bridges, and monumental buildings by providing the necessary support during the building process.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Centering was made from timber and designed to be removed once the structure was stable enough to stand on its own.
2. The use of centering allowed Romans to build structures with intricate designs and larger spans than previously possible.
3. Roman engineers developed specific types of centering for different structures, such as arches versus vaults, adapting the design based on the load and shape required.
4. Once centering was removed, the weight of the stone or concrete would compress the materials together, creating a strong and stable structure.
5. The technique of centering highlighted the Romans' advanced understanding of structural integrity and engineering principles.

Review Questions

• How did centering contribute to the architectural innovations seen in Roman construction?
  • Centering played a crucial role in enabling Romans to build ambitious architectural designs such as arches and vaults. By providing temporary support during construction, centering allowed builders to experiment with larger spans and more complex shapes that were not feasible before. This innovation led to impressive structures like aqueducts and monumental buildings that showcased Roman engineering prowess.
• Discuss the materials and techniques used in creating centering for Roman arches and vaults.
  • Roman centering was typically constructed from timber, carefully shaped to provide support during the construction process. Different techniques were employed for arches and vaults, with adjustments made based on the specific load requirements of each structure. Once the arch or vault was completed, centering could be removed, allowing the self-supporting structure to take over, demonstrating both skill and ingenuity in Roman engineering.
• Evaluate the impact of centering on the overall effectiveness of Roman construction methods compared to earlier civilizations.
  • Centering significantly enhanced Roman construction methods by allowing for greater flexibility in design and larger-scale projects than previous civilizations achieved. The ability to construct robust arches and expansive vaulted ceilings marked a departure from traditional building techniques. This innovation not only influenced Roman architecture but also set a precedent that future generations would build upon, showcasing the lasting legacy of Roman engineering advancements.

Related terms

Arch: A curved structure that spans an opening and supports weight from above, commonly used in Roman architecture.

Vault: An extended arch that forms a roof or ceiling, often used in Roman buildings to create large open spaces.

Concrete: A building material made from a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates, which the Romans extensively used for their construction projects.