Anglo-Saxons

Definition

The Anglo-Saxons were a group of Germanic tribes that settled in England from the 5th century onward, significantly influencing the culture, language, and governance of the region. This period saw the establishment of several kingdoms and the spread of Christianity, which played a crucial role in unifying the Anglo-Saxon people under common cultural and religious practices.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Anglo-Saxon period in England is generally considered to have lasted from the 5th century until the Norman Conquest in 1066.
2. The Anglo-Saxons were instrumental in shaping early medieval English law and governance, with many legal traditions originating from their customs.
3. Christianity began to spread among the Anglo-Saxons in the late 6th century, leading to significant cultural changes and the establishment of monasteries.
4. The epic poem 'Beowulf' is one of the most important literary works from the Anglo-Saxon period, reflecting the values and heroic culture of this society.
5. Anglo-Saxon society was organized into a system of kings, nobles, and peasants, with a strong emphasis on loyalty and kinship ties.

Review Questions

• How did the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons influence the political landscape of early medieval England?
  • The arrival of the Anglo-Saxons led to the establishment of multiple kingdoms known as the Heptarchy, which created a fragmented political landscape. These kingdoms competed for power and resources, resulting in shifting alliances and conflicts. The formation of local governance structures, influenced by tribal customs, laid the groundwork for future English political organization.
• In what ways did Christianity impact Anglo-Saxon society and culture during their rule in England?
  • Christianity brought about significant changes in Anglo-Saxon society by introducing new religious beliefs and practices that unified diverse tribes under a common faith. The establishment of monasteries became centers for education, literacy, and art. This religious transformation also influenced legal systems, moral codes, and fostered written literature, contributing to a rich cultural legacy.
• Evaluate how the legacy of Anglo-Saxon governance and culture shaped modern English society after the Norman Conquest.
  • The legacy of Anglo-Saxon governance and culture profoundly influenced modern English society by establishing foundational legal principles and administrative practices. Elements such as common law emerged from their traditions, while Old English contributed to the development of the modern English language. After the Norman Conquest, many aspects of Anglo-Saxon heritage persisted through local customs and social structures, ultimately melding with Norman influences to shape contemporary England.

Related terms

Witan: An advisory council in Anglo-Saxon England, composed of nobles and clergy, that assisted the king in decision-making and governance.

Heptarchy: The term used to describe the seven principal kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England: Kent, Mercia, Northumbria, East Anglia, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex.

Old English: The early form of the English language spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons, characterized by its Germanic roots and distinct vocabulary.