Christianity

Definition

Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who is believed by followers to be the Son of God and the Messiah. Emerging in the 1st century CE within the Roman Empire, it spread rapidly, influencing various aspects of culture, philosophy, and governance throughout the Ancient Mediterranean world and beyond.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Christianity began as a Jewish sect in the 1st century CE in Judea, with Jesus' followers initially comprising a small group of Jews.
2. The religion spread quickly throughout the Roman Empire due to factors like trade routes and common languages, such as Greek and Latin.
3. In 313 CE, the Edict of Milan legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire, allowing it to gain official status and support.
4. Christianity's beliefs emphasize salvation through faith in Jesus Christ, which contrasts with traditional Roman religious practices focused on polytheism.
5. By the end of the 4th century CE, Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire under Emperor Theodosius I.

Review Questions

• How did the political and social environment of the Roman Empire facilitate the spread of Christianity?
  • The Roman Empire's political stability during the Pax Romana allowed for easier travel and communication across vast distances, which helped Christianity to spread. Additionally, a common language, Greek, facilitated understanding among diverse populations. The existing infrastructure, such as roads and trade routes, enabled early missionaries to reach new communities and share their beliefs effectively.
• What were the key events that led to Christianity becoming the official religion of the Roman Empire?
  • Several key events led to Christianity's rise as the official religion of the Roman Empire. The Edict of Milan in 313 CE marked a significant turning point by granting religious tolerance. Subsequently, Emperor Theodosius I's Edict in 380 CE established Christianity as the state religion. These shifts occurred alongside growing support for Christianity among influential leaders and widespread acceptance among the populace.
• Evaluate the impact of Christianity on the cultural landscape of the Ancient Mediterranean world during its formative years.
  • Christianity significantly reshaped the cultural landscape of the Ancient Mediterranean world by introducing new ethical teachings and practices that challenged existing social norms. It encouraged values such as charity, humility, and community support, which resonated with many people seeking hope amidst social turmoil. This transformation laid groundwork for future philosophical debates and set precedents for moral frameworks that would influence Western thought for centuries.

Related terms

New Testament:

The second part of the Christian Bible that contains writings of early Christians, including the Gospels, which narrate the life and teachings of Jesus.

Pax Romana:

A period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire that allowed for the spread of new ideas, including Christianity.

Ecumenical Councils: Meetings of church leaders in early Christianity aimed at addressing theological disputes and establishing unified doctrines.