Poseidon

Definition

Poseidon is the ancient Greek god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses, known for his fierce temperament and power over water. As one of the twelve Olympian deities, he played a crucial role in Greek mythology, influencing sailors and agriculturalists alike. Poseidon is often depicted wielding a trident, which symbolizes his authority and ability to control storms and waves.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Poseidon was considered one of the most important gods in Greek religion, alongside Zeus and Hades, each ruling different realms: sky, sea, and underworld respectively.
2. He was known as 'Earth-Shaker' due to his ability to cause earthquakes and was often called upon by sailors for protection during their journeys at sea.
3. Poseidon's trident was a powerful symbol, not just for controlling the sea but also for his role in creating horses; he is credited with creating the first horse for humans.
4. In mythology, Poseidon was often depicted as being in conflict with other gods, particularly with Athena over the patronage of cities like Athens.
5. Worship of Poseidon included various rituals and festivals, particularly among seafaring communities, who built temples in his honor to ensure safe passage across the waters.

Review Questions

• How does Poseidon's influence extend beyond just being the god of the sea?
  • Poseidon's influence extends into several aspects of life in ancient Greece. While primarily recognized as the god of the sea, he also controlled earthquakes, earning him the title 'Earth-Shaker.' Additionally, he was associated with horses and is credited with creating them. This connection made him an important deity not just for sailors but also for farmers and horsemen, showcasing his multifaceted role in Greek culture.
• Analyze the rivalry between Poseidon and Athena regarding the city of Athens. What does this conflict reveal about their respective domains?
  • The rivalry between Poseidon and Athena over who would become the patron deity of Athens illustrates their differing domains and attributes. Poseidon offered a saltwater spring or a horse as gifts to the city, symbolizing power over the seas and transportation. In contrast, Athena offered an olive tree, representing peace and prosperity. Ultimately, Athens chose Athena as its patron goddess, indicating that wisdom and agriculture were valued more than military might or naval strength in urban life.
• Evaluate how Poseidon's character as a deity reflects ancient Greek values and beliefs about nature and divinity.
  • Poseidon's character as a powerful yet temperamental god reflects ancient Greek values surrounding nature's unpredictability and human reliance on divine favor. His ability to control both benevolent aspects like calm seas and destructive forces such as storms illustrates the duality of nature that Greeks experienced firsthand. This made Poseidon a central figure in their understanding of natural phenomena, encouraging rituals to appease him. Additionally, his competitive nature with other gods underscores a cultural appreciation for rivalry and strength within both divine hierarchies and human society.

Related terms

Zeus: The king of the gods in Greek mythology, ruler of Mount Olympus, and god of the sky and thunder.

Hades: The god of the underworld and brother of Poseidon, who rules over the realm of the dead.

Nereids: Sea nymphs in Greek mythology, daughters of Nereus, often associated with Poseidon and known for their beauty and grace.