Polynomial growth refers to a rate of increase of a function that can be expressed as a polynomial equation, typically denoted as $f(n) = O(n^k)$ for some non-negative integer $k$. This concept highlights how functions grow in relation to their input size, with polynomial growth indicating that the function increases at a rate proportional to some power of the input. This understanding is crucial when analyzing the efficiency of algorithms and their asymptotic behavior.
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