Benedict Arnold

Definition

Benedict Arnold was a general during the American Revolutionary War who initially fought for the Continental Army but is best known for his betrayal when he defected to the British side in 1780. His actions, which included plotting to surrender the American fort at West Point, made him one of the most infamous figures in American history and a symbol of treachery.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Arnold played a significant role in early American victories, including the capture of Fort Ticonderoga and his leadership at the Battles of Saratoga.
2. His discontent with military promotions and perceived lack of recognition contributed to his decision to defect.
3. After his betrayal, Arnold was given command of British troops and led raids against his former countrymen.
4. Arnold's name has become synonymous with treachery, leading to the phrase 'to be an Arnold' as a way to describe betrayal.
5. Despite his actions, Arnold believed he was acting in the best interest of his country, claiming that he was disillusioned by American leadership.

Review Questions

• How did Benedict Arnold's early military successes contribute to his later actions during the American Revolution?
  • Benedict Arnold's early military successes, such as his leadership at Fort Ticonderoga and key contributions at Saratoga, earned him a reputation as a capable leader. However, despite these achievements, he felt undervalued and overlooked for promotions. This discontent grew over time and ultimately led him to betray the Continental Army, believing that his talents were not being appropriately recognized and rewarded.
• Discuss the impact of Benedict Arnold's defection on public perception during and after the American Revolutionary War.
  • Benedict Arnold's defection had a profound impact on public perception, transforming him from a celebrated hero into a symbol of betrayal. This shift affected morale among American troops and citizens, as many felt betrayed by someone they once viewed as a patriot. The story of Arnold's treason became widely disseminated, reinforcing fears of internal dissent and treachery within revolutionary ranks while serving as a cautionary tale for future generations.
• Evaluate how Benedict Arnold's actions influenced the outcome of specific battles and overall strategies employed by both American and British forces.
  • Benedict Arnold's actions significantly influenced military strategies during the Revolutionary War, particularly through his attempted surrender of West Point. This strategic stronghold was vital for controlling the Hudson River and maintaining supply lines. Arnold's betrayal forced American leaders to reevaluate their security measures and troop placements. On the other hand, the British gained a temporary tactical advantage due to Arnold’s knowledge of American plans. His defection highlighted vulnerabilities within American command structures and shifted British tactics as they sought to exploit dissent among revolutionary leaders.

Related terms

Continental Army: The army established by the Second Continental Congress in 1775 to fight against British rule during the American Revolution.

West Point: A key fortification on the Hudson River that was crucial to the control of New York during the Revolutionary War, which Arnold attempted to surrender to the British.

Treason: The act of betraying one's country, which Arnold was accused of when he joined forces with the British.