Arthur Schlesinger Jr.

Definition

Arthur Schlesinger Jr. was an influential American historian and social critic known for his work on the American presidency and his examination of the role of the executive branch in shaping U.S. policy. His writings, particularly on presidential power, have provided insight into how that power has expanded over time, especially during pivotal moments in American history, such as the New Deal and the Cold War.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Schlesinger's book 'The Imperial Presidency,' published in 1973, argues that presidents have increasingly exercised powers not granted by the Constitution, especially during times of crisis.
2. He believed that this expansion of power often undermined democratic principles and led to a lack of accountability in the executive branch.
3. Schlesinger's analysis highlighted key events such as the Vietnam War and Watergate as examples where presidential power was misused.
4. His work has had a lasting impact on debates about executive power, influencing both scholars and policymakers in discussions about the limits of presidential authority.
5. Schlesinger served as a special assistant to President John F. Kennedy, giving him firsthand experience with presidential decision-making and its implications for democracy.

Review Questions

• How did Arthur Schlesinger Jr.'s concept of the 'Imperial Presidency' reflect concerns about the balance of power within the U.S. government?
  • Arthur Schlesinger Jr.'s concept of the 'Imperial Presidency' emphasizes how presidents have increasingly taken on powers that exceed their constitutional authority, especially in foreign affairs. This notion reflects concerns about checks and balances, as it raises questions about accountability and oversight when a single office wields such significant power. His critiques aimed to highlight the dangers of unchecked executive power, urging a reevaluation of how presidential authority is exercised.
• In what ways did Schlesinger's analysis connect historical events like the New Deal and Cold War to the expansion of presidential power?
  • Schlesinger connected historical events like the New Deal and Cold War to the expansion of presidential power by showing how these crises prompted presidents to take unprecedented actions that broadened their authority. The New Deal saw Franklin D. Roosevelt implement extensive government programs to combat economic hardship, effectively increasing federal influence over citizens' lives. Similarly, during the Cold War, national security concerns led presidents to assert more control over foreign policy decisions, often bypassing traditional legislative processes.
• Evaluate Schlesinger's contributions to our understanding of presidential power and its implications for American democracy in contemporary society.
  • Arthur Schlesinger's contributions are vital in understanding the dynamics of presidential power and its implications for American democracy. By analyzing historical patterns of executive authority, he sheds light on potential abuses that can arise when presidents operate beyond constitutional limits. In contemporary society, his insights remain relevant as debates continue over issues like military interventions, surveillance programs, and executive orders, highlighting the ongoing struggle to maintain a balance between effective governance and safeguarding democratic principles.

Related terms

Imperial Presidency: A term coined by Schlesinger to describe the expansion of presidential power beyond constitutional limits, particularly in foreign affairs.

New Deal: A series of programs and policies implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt aimed at addressing the Great Depression, which significantly expanded the role of the federal government.

Cold War: A period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States from the end of World War II until the early 1990s, during which presidential power grew in response to national security concerns.