Continental Congress

Definition

The Continental Congress was a governing body established by the American colonies to coordinate their resistance against British rule during the lead-up to the Revolutionary War. It served as a crucial platform for colonial leaders to discuss and strategize collective action, resulting in the adoption of key documents like the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Continental Congress was formed in 1774 in response to increasing tensions between the American colonies and Great Britain, particularly due to oppressive acts like the Intolerable Acts.
2. It initially aimed to unify colonial resistance and seek redress from the British government, but as conflicts escalated, it took on more executive functions.
3. The Second Continental Congress is notable for appointing George Washington as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in 1775.
4. In 1776, the Continental Congress officially declared independence from Britain, leading to the creation of a new nation.
5. The Congress also played a vital role in drafting foundational documents for the United States, including the Articles of Confederation, which served as the first constitution.

Review Questions

• How did the formation of the Continental Congress reflect the changing attitudes of colonists towards British rule?
  • The formation of the Continental Congress marked a significant shift in colonial attitudes from seeking reconciliation with Britain to organizing for independence. Initially convened to address grievances and promote unity against oppressive policies, the Congress evolved into a body advocating for self-governance. This transition was evident in actions taken, such as boycotts of British goods and ultimately declaring independence, showcasing a growing resolve among colonists to resist British authority.
• Evaluate the impact of the Second Continental Congress on the American Revolutionary War efforts.
  • The Second Continental Congress had a profound impact on the American Revolutionary War by taking decisive actions that organized military efforts and facilitated independence. It appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief, effectively unifying military operations under strong leadership. Furthermore, it declared independence in 1776, rallying support among colonists and international allies alike. The decisions made by this Congress laid critical groundwork for establishing a new nation and its government.
• Analyze how the decisions made by the Continental Congress set the stage for future governance in America after independence was achieved.
  • The decisions made by the Continental Congress were instrumental in shaping future governance in America after independence. The adoption of key documents such as the Declaration of Independence not only asserted rights and justifications for rebellion but also inspired democratic ideals that would influence future governance. Additionally, the drafting of the Articles of Confederation represented an early attempt at unifying state governments under a central authority, though its limitations revealed the need for a stronger federal system. Thus, actions taken by the Continental Congress were foundational in transitioning from colonial rule to an independent democratic nation.

Related terms

First Continental Congress: The first gathering of representatives from twelve of the thirteen colonies in 1774, which aimed to address colonial grievances and organize resistance to British policies.

Second Continental Congress: The assembly that convened in 1775, which managed the colonial war effort, moved incrementally towards independence, and eventually adopted the Declaration of Independence in 1776.

Declaration of Independence: The document adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, proclaiming the colonies' independence from Britain and outlining their justification for rebellion.