Thutmose III

Definition

Thutmose III was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, ruling from approximately 1479 to 1425 BCE. Known as a brilliant military strategist and one of Egypt's greatest pharaohs, he expanded the Egyptian empire to its greatest extent, effectively solidifying Egypt's dominance in the region during the New Kingdom period. His reign is often referred to as the height of ancient Egyptian power, marked by both military conquests and significant cultural achievements.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Thutmose III is often called the 'Napoleon of Egypt' due to his successful military campaigns and strategies that expanded Egypt's territory significantly.
2. He led over 17 military campaigns into Asia, resulting in the conquest of numerous territories including parts of modern-day Syria and Palestine.
3. Thutmose III is credited with the establishment of Egypt's first formal empire, which lasted for centuries after his reign.
4. His reign saw an increase in monumental architecture, including temples and statues that celebrated his victories and honored the gods.
5. After his death, Thutmose III was succeeded by his son, Amenhotep II, who continued to build on the legacy of military expansion and cultural achievements.

Review Questions

• How did Thutmose III's military campaigns contribute to the expansion of ancient Egypt?
  • Thutmose III's military campaigns were instrumental in expanding ancient Egypt's territory to its greatest extent. He executed over 17 documented campaigns into Canaan and Syria, showcasing his exceptional strategic planning and combat skills. These conquests not only increased Egypt’s land but also established trade routes and strengthened political control over these regions, which enhanced Egypt’s wealth and influence in the ancient world.
• Discuss the relationship between Thutmose III and Hatshepsut during their co-regency and its impact on his reign.
  • Thutmose III and Hatshepsut had a complex relationship during their co-regency. While Hatshepsut ruled initially as a pharaoh in her own right and undertook significant building projects and trade expeditions, Thutmose III eventually emerged as the sole ruler following her death. The foundation she laid during their co-regency allowed Thutmose III to inherit a stable and prosperous kingdom. However, after taking full control, he sought to erase her memory from history, demonstrating how power dynamics played out in their rule.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of Thutmose III's reign on the trajectory of ancient Egyptian civilization.
  • Thutmose III's reign had profound long-term effects on ancient Egyptian civilization. By establishing a vast empire that expanded Egypt’s influence across regions like Canaan and Nubia, he set precedents for future pharaohs in terms of military strategy and governance. His emphasis on monumental architecture reflected a cultural renaissance that would inspire generations. The stability and wealth generated during his rule contributed to the New Kingdom's status as a high point in ancient Egyptian history, impacting its political structure, economic prosperity, and artistic achievements well into subsequent eras.

Related terms

Hatshepsut: The fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, Hatshepsut was Thutmose III's stepmother and co-regent who established extensive trade networks and monumental building projects.

New Kingdom: A period in ancient Egyptian history from about 1550 to 1070 BCE, known for its territorial expansion, wealth, and powerful pharaohs like Thutmose III.

Battle of Megiddo: A significant battle fought during Thutmose III's campaigns against a coalition of Canaanite cities, which showcased his military prowess and strategic brilliance.