Grating lobes are unwanted side lobes that occur in an antenna radiation pattern when the spacing between the elements of an array is greater than half of the wavelength of the signal being transmitted or received. These side lobes can lead to multiple peaks in the radiation pattern, which can cause interference and degrade the overall performance of conventional beamforming techniques. Understanding grating lobes is crucial for optimizing antenna designs and ensuring accurate directionality in signal processing applications.
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