The third variable problem refers to a situation in correlational studies where an unaccounted-for variable may influence both the independent and dependent variables, leading to a spurious or misleading association between them. This issue highlights the limitations of inferring causation from correlation, as it can create a false impression that one variable directly affects another when, in fact, they are both impacted by a separate variable. Understanding this concept is crucial for researchers to avoid drawing incorrect conclusions from their data.
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