Tolerance

Definition

Tolerance is the willingness to accept and respect different beliefs, practices, and opinions. In the context of intellectual and cultural movements, it reflects a growing acceptance of diverse perspectives and the value of coexistence in a pluralistic society. This concept was particularly significant during the Enlightenment, where reason and open dialogue were championed as tools for understanding and embracing differences among individuals and communities.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Encyclopédie, edited by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert, was a key work of the Enlightenment that promoted the idea of tolerance through its emphasis on reason and critical thinking.
2. Tolerance during this period was often linked to broader discussions about human rights, freedom of expression, and the importance of diverse viewpoints in contributing to knowledge.
3. Many Enlightenment thinkers argued that intolerance led to social unrest and conflict, advocating for peaceful coexistence as a means to foster societal progress.
4. The publication of the Encyclopédie itself faced censorship and backlash from authorities who were threatened by its promotion of ideas that challenged traditional norms.
5. Tolerance was not universally accepted; some groups faced oppression despite the Enlightenment's call for acceptance, highlighting the contradictions in societal practices of the time.

Review Questions

• How did the concept of tolerance influence the ideas presented in the Encyclopédie?
  • The concept of tolerance significantly influenced the ideas in the Encyclopédie as it promoted reasoned debate and acceptance of diverse perspectives. This was seen as a way to combat ignorance and superstition, advocating for an open-minded approach to knowledge. By encouraging readers to embrace different viewpoints, the Encyclopédie played a pivotal role in shaping Enlightenment thought, underscoring the belief that tolerance is essential for intellectual growth and societal harmony.
• Discuss the relationship between tolerance and secularism as presented in Enlightenment literature.
  • In Enlightenment literature, tolerance is closely related to secularism because both concepts advocate for a society that respects diverse beliefs while maintaining a separation between religious authority and governance. This relationship is highlighted in works like the Encyclopédie, where Enlightenment thinkers argue that secular governance allows for a more inclusive environment where different religions and philosophies can coexist without conflict. The promotion of secularism was seen as essential in fostering an atmosphere where tolerance could thrive.
• Evaluate how the challenges to tolerance during the 18th century reflect ongoing issues in contemporary society.
  • The challenges to tolerance during the 18th century reveal deep-rooted conflicts that continue to resonate in contemporary society. The backlash against Enlightenment ideals often resulted from power structures resisting change, much like today’s struggles against intolerance and discrimination. Just as certain groups faced oppression despite calls for acceptance in the past, modern society grapples with issues of racial, religious, and cultural intolerance. Understanding these historical contexts helps us recognize patterns of resistance to tolerance and motivates ongoing efforts toward fostering inclusivity and understanding in our diverse world.

Related terms

Enlightenment: A philosophical movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, science, and individualism over tradition and religious authority.

Pluralism: The coexistence of multiple distinct cultural or religious groups within a society, promoting diversity and mutual respect among them.

Secularism: The principle of separating religion from political, social, and educational institutions, allowing for a more inclusive environment for various beliefs.