The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) most directly reflected which aspect of early European overseas exploration?
Concern for the ethical treatment of indigenous peoples
Collaborative scientific efforts to improve navigation
Competition between European powers for colonial territories
Attempts to establish trade agreements with Asian empires
Verified for the 2025 AP European History exam•Citation:
After Napoleon’s final defeat at Waterloo and ensuing exile, ambassadors from the Quadruple Alliance met to arrange a peace settlement. The meeting, called the Congress of Vienna, was largely dominated by the Austrian foreign minister Klemens von Metternich. Metternich had three main goals: first, he wanted to prevent future French aggression by surrounding France with strong countries. This led to the creation of the German Confederation, which replaced Napoleon’s Confederation of the Rhine. Second, he wanted to restore the balance of power within Europe. Third, he wanted to restore royal dynasties to countries like France, where the government had become a republic. The Congress of Vienna had far-reaching effects that affected Europe long past the meeting itself; while the Congress of Vienna was a victory for conservatism, it ultimately failed to prevent the forces of nationalism and liberalism from taking hold in the latter half of the 19th century.