🖼ap art history review
9.1 Materials, Processes, and Techniques in Pacific Art
Verified for the 2025 AP Art History exam•Citation:MLA
The culture of the Hawaiian islands is steeped in ancient traditions and beliefs. From the beautiful feather capes worn by Hawaiian royalty to the sacred tapa cloth and the powerful female deities, Hawaiian culture is filled with meaningful objects and symbols. In this study guide, we will explore the significance and history of the ahu 'ula (feather cape), female deity, and hiapo (tapa).
Ahu 'ula (Feather Cape)
- Ahu 'ula is a traditional Hawaiian feather cape, worn by high-ranking Hawaiian ali’i (royalty).
- It is made from the feathers of the mamo, a small Hawaiian honeycreeper bird.
- The feathers are sewn or tied together and can range in size from small, one-person capes to large, floor-length capes.
- Ahu 'ula are typically worn with a mahiole (a feathered helmet) and a pā‘ū (a type of skirt).
- Ahu 'ula are considered to be a symbol of power and prestige in Hawaiian culture.
Female Deity
- Hawaiian mythology includes numerous female deities, or akua.
- Some of the most important female deities include Pele (goddess of volcanoes and fire), Hina (goddess of the moon), Laka (goddess of hula and dance), and Haumea (goddess of fertility and childbirth).
- Female deities are believed to bring good luck, protection, and abundance to those who venerate them.
Hiapo (Tapa)
- Hiapo is a traditional form of Hawaiian tapa cloth.
- It is made from the bark of the wauke tree, which is beaten and pounded into a thin sheet.
- Hiapo can be decorated with geometric patterns, plants, and animals, and is often used as a canvas for art.
- Hiapo is believed to have spiritual significance and is often used in ceremonies and rituals.
The ahu 'ula (feather cape), female deity, and hiapo (tapa) all have a deep significance in Hawaiian culture, and they continue to be revered and honored today. These objects and symbols are important reminders of the rich and vibrant culture of the Hawaiian islands. They serve as symbols of power, prestige, protection, and abundance, and their symbolism has been passed down through generations.
Key Terms to Review (9)
Ahu 'ula: The 'Ahu 'ula is a feathered cloak worn by Hawaiian chiefs and warriors as a symbol of their status and power. It is made by attaching thousands of brightly colored feathers to a woven base.
Akua: In the context of Polynesian art, akua refers to deities or gods. These divine beings are often depicted in various forms and play a significant role in the religious beliefs and practices of Polynesian cultures.
Haumea: Haumea is a Hawaiian goddess associated with fertility and childbirth. She is also known as the goddess of the earth and creation.
Hiapo: Hiapo refers to the barkcloth made by the indigenous people of Niue Island in Polynesia. It is created through a labor-intensive process involving beating tree bark until it becomes soft fabric-like material.
Hina: Hina is a Polynesian goddess associated with femininity, fertility, moonlight, and water. She represents various aspects such as motherhood, beauty, wisdom, and creativity.
Laka: Laka is a Hawaiian goddess associated with hula, the traditional dance of Hawaii. She represents beauty, grace, and fertility.
Mamo: The mamo is a species of bird native to Hawaii that became extinct in the late 19th century. It was known for its vibrant yellow feathers, which were highly prized by Native Hawaiians for their use in creating ceremonial garments.
Pele: Pele is a Hawaiian goddess associated with volcanoes, fire, and creation. She is revered as both a destructive force and a creator, embodying the dual nature of volcanic activity.
Tapa cloth: Tapa cloth is a traditional form of barkcloth made by pounding the inner bark of certain trees and then decorating it with various patterns and designs. It is commonly used in Pacific Island cultures for clothing, bedding, and ceremonial purposes.