7.4 Subplots and B-Stories

Subplots add depth and complexity to film narratives, running parallel to the main plot. They explore different themes, develop characters, and maintain audience engagement. B-stories, a type of subplot, often focus on secondary characters or relationships, offering contrast or new perspectives.

Crafting effective subplots involves developing complementary storylines that support the main plot. They should be thematically relevant, have their own arc, and connect to the primary narrative. Balancing subplot screen time and analyzing successful techniques in acclaimed films can help writers create compelling, multi-layered stories.

The Role and Function of Subplots

Role of subplots in film narratives

• Subplots are secondary storylines that run parallel to the main plot providing additional depth, complexity, and richness to the overall narrative
• Explore different themes, character arcs, or conflicts that complement the primary story (romance, personal growth, family dynamics)
• B-stories are a specific type of subplot that often focus on a secondary character's journey or relationship with the protagonist offering contrast, relief, or a different perspective on the main plot
• Enhance character development by revealing different facets of their personalities, motivations, and growth
• Provide opportunities for world-building and expanding the story's universe
• Create narrative variety and maintain audience engagement by offering multiple points of interest
• Allow for thematic exploration and reinforcement of the central message or idea of the film (power corrupts, love conquers all)

Crafting Effective Subplots

Development of complementary subplots

• Identify secondary characters or relationships that have the potential to support and enhance the primary plot considering their unique perspectives, conflicts, or goals that can contribute to the overall narrative
• Ensure subplots are thematically relevant and connected to the main story exploring similar themes, ideas, or character arcs from different angles
• Develop subplots that have their own clear beginning, middle, and end with a distinct arc and resolution that contributes to the overall story's progression and resolution
• Use subplots to raise stakes, introduce complications, or provide key information that impacts the main storyline (hidden secrets, unexpected alliances)

Connections between plots and subplots

• Establish thematic links between the main plot and subplots identifying common themes, motifs, or character struggles that can be explored in both storylines (loyalty, sacrifice, redemption)
• Create narrative parallels or contrasts between the primary plot and subplots highlighting similarities or differences in character arcs, conflicts, or resolutions
• Ensure the resolution of subplots ties into and impacts the main plot's conclusion with consequences or implications for the primary storyline contributing to the overall emotional impact and thematic resonance of the film

Balance of subplot screen time

• Allocate appropriate screen time to subplots based on their significance and relevance to the main narrative with the primary plot receiving the most attention and development
• Pace the introduction and development of subplots strategically at natural points in the main storyline where they can enhance or complicate the narrative without front-loading too many subplots early in the film
• Interweave subplots with the main storyline in a balanced and organic manner alternating between the primary plot and subplots to maintain audience engagement and narrative momentum
• Use transitions, parallels, or thematic connections to seamlessly integrate subplots into the overall narrative flow

Analysis of successful subplot techniques

• Study how acclaimed films effectively incorporate subplots into their narratives identifying the purpose, structure, and pacing of subplots (The Godfather, Pulp Fiction)
• Examine the relationship and balance between the main plot and subplots in successful films assessing how screen time is allocated and how subplots are woven into the primary storyline
• Apply techniques and lessons learned from successful films to your own scriptwriting:
  1. Develop subplots that are thematically relevant, well-structured, and complement the main narrative
  2. Balance the integration of subplots into the primary storyline to ensure a cohesive and engaging overall narrative
  3. Continuously refine and adjust subplots through the writing and revision process to optimize their impact and contribution to the film's success